Exploration and study on the modern distance education in traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article takes the modern distance education of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine for example, and analyzes the current situation and future development paths of modern distance education in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) colleges and universities, which has provided references for other TCM colleges and universities to set up modern distance education, and laid the foundation for further improving the quality of distance education and social influence, optimizing the modern TCM talent cultivation system, and enhancing the quality of TCM talent cultivation.

Expression of CD133 in triple negative breast cancer and its clinical significance / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between CD133 expression and clinicopathological features in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, and the impact of CD133 on prognosis in these patients.Methods:Data of 70 patients who received surgical treatment in our center from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2012 were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of CD133. Patients were divided into two groups according to CD133 expression. Univariate analysis, Cox and Logistic regression multivariate analysis were used in order to investigate the correlation between CD133 expression and clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank analysis were used to evaluate DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) .Results:CD133 was expressed in cytomembrane and cytoplasm with expression rate of 95.71% (67/70) . Of which, 64.29% (45/70) of patients were low CD133 expression and 35.71% (25/70) were high expression. High CD133 expression was significantly correlated with younger age (≤50) ( P=0.007) and larger tumor size (>2 cm) ( P=0.020) . Tumor size ( P=0.035) , axillary status ( P=0.001) , Ki67 ( P=0.005) and CD133 expression ( P=0.014) were independent predictors of recurrence and metastasis in TNBC patients. Axillary status was independent predictor of death event ( P=0.008) . Increased CD133 was associated with poor prognosis. Compared with high expression, patients with low CD133 expression had better DFS ( P=0.002) and OS ( P=0.088) , while OS did not reach significant difference. Conclusion:CD133 expression was correlated with age and tumor size in TNBC patients. High expression was associated with recurrence, metastasis and poor prognosis. Thus, CD133 may be a potential biomarker in predicting prognosis in TNBC.

The expression and clinical significance of tumor suppressor phosphatase -tension protein gene in differentia-ted thyroid carcinoma / 中国基层医药

Objective To analyze the expression and clinical significance of tumor suppressor phosphatase -tension protein gene(PTEN)in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the relationship with the V600E gene site muta-tion of murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF).Methods The expression of PTEN was assayed by im-munohistochemical staining in differentiated thyroid carcinoma and adjacent tissues.The differences were compared between clinical pathological features.The BRAF V600E gene mutation was detected by fluorescence quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction(PCR)and to investigate the correlation between the expression of PTEN and BRAF V600E mutation.Results The negative rate of PTEN was 78.75%(63 /80)in differentiated thyroid carcinoma,13.75%(11 /80)in adjacent tissues(χ2 =27.236,P =0.000).There were significant differences in the expression of PTEN between I -II and III -IV in TNMstage,grade I and II,and lymph node metastasis(χ2 =10.395,6.948,9.263,P =0.000,0.006,0.000).The differences were not significant in the expression of PTEN between different gender,≤45 years and >45 years different pathological types and tumor diameter <2cm and ≥2cm(χ2 =1.113,0.941, 2.301,1.567,P =0.185,0.213,0.087,0.181).There was correlation between the expression of PTEN and BRAF V600E mutations(r =0.301,P =0.004).Conclusion The expression of PTEN is involved in the occurrence and development of differentiated thyroid cancer and is associated with BRAF V600E.The PTEN has the predictive value of prognosis in tumors.

Surveillance of bacterial resistance in the People′s Hospital of Dongguan in 2013 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the drug resistance situation of pathogenic bacteria clinically isolated in Dongguan Munici-pal People′s Hospital during 2013.Methods The drug sensitivity test were performed by adopting the associated reagent strip of the VITEK2-compact microbial analyzer from French bioMerieux company,including AST-GN test,AST-GP33 test,AST-GP68 test and K-B method (only for Haemophilus influenzae).The data were analyzed by the Whonet5.5 software.Results In 2013,to-tally 7 543 strains of pathogens were detected out,including 6 031 strains(79.9%)of Gram negative bacteria,1512 strains(20.1%) of Gram positive bacteria.The detection rates of ESBL in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 46.9% and 28.1%,re-spectively.The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in Staphylococcus were 16.8% and 77% respectively.The detection rate of multidrug resistant strains was 21.5%.The resistant rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin and cefazolin were greater than 60%;which of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin,furosemide,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,ceftriaxone,ce-fotetan and cefazolin was more than 80%;which of Baumanii to imipenem was still 61.2%,which to aztreonam,ceftriaxone,cefotet-an,cefazolin was more than 98%.The resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was 6.2%.No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain was detected out.Conclusion The detected pathogenic bacteria in 2013 were dominated by Gram-neg-ative bacilli,the multidrug resistant bacterial strains had the higher detection rate,the drug resistance of Baumanii was serious.The resistance of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin showed the increasing trend.Monitoring the bacterial drug resistance every year and understanding the change of pathogenic drug resistance can provide the basis for the rational selection of antimicrobial drugs in clinic.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of 72 strains of Salmonella / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To understand the serotype distribution ,prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains isolatd from diarrhea patients in Dongguan ,Guangdong Province .These data may be useful for disease control and prevention and clinical treatment .Methods From April to December in 2013 ,we collected 1 150 stool specimens from diarrhea patients . Salmonella strains were cultured by using Salmonella selenite brilliant green sulfa enrichment broth and selective chromogenic plates .Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by ATB microbial identification and drug susceptibility system .Results A total of 72 strains of Salmonella were identified including 21 serotypes .The detection rate was 6 .3% (72/1 150) .Most of the strains were Salmonellatyphimurium (22/72 ,30 .5% )and Salmonellaenteritis (16/72 ,22 .2% ).Forty‐two (58 .3% )of the strains were isolated from the patients under one year of age ,12 (16 .7% ) strains from the patients of 3‐10 years of age ,and 18 (25 .0% ) strains from the patients of at least 20 years old .The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 50 .0% of the strains were resistant to piperacillin and 48 .6% resistant to ticarcillin .Conclusions The prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium is the highest in local Salmonella‐associated diarrhea patients ,followed by Salmonella enteritis .Most of the Salmonella diarrhea occurred in the patients under one year of age .Clinicians should strengthen the monitoring of Salmonella in patients with diarrhea , especially in infants and young children , for early detection and treatment so as to reduce complications .

Effect of ascorbic acid, epidermal growth factor and follicle stimulating hormone on in vitro culture of sheep ovarian cortical tissue / 生物工程学报

In this study, we evaluated the effects of ascorbic acid (VC), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on in vitro culture of sheep ovarian cortical tissue. Using 2 x 2 x 2 factor experimental design, we cultured sheep ovarian cortex fragments in 8 media with MEM (control), MEM+VC (50 microg/mL), MEM +EGF (100 ng/mL), MEM+FSH (50 ng/mL), MEM+VC+EGF, MEM+VC+FSH, MEM+EGF+FSH, MEM+VC+EGF+FSH. After 0 (non-cultured control), 2, 6, 12 days of culture, the pieces of ovarian cortex were proceed to histological and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) examination, or observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The percentages of developing follicles were increased (P < 0.05) and the percentages of healthy follicles were reduced (P < 0.05). When compared to the MEM group, the addition of FSH with VC or EGF promoted a significant increase of follicles diameter and follicles survival rate (P < 0.05), and stimulated the proliferation of granulosa cells. After 12 days of culture, medium supplemented with MEM+VC+EGF resulted the lowest proportion of developing follicles (49.3% +/- 3.2%), follicles diameter((32.3 +/- 2.3) microm), follicles survival rate (41.6% +/- 3.1%) and the proportion of PCNA stained follicles (26.4% +/- 1.2%, P < 0.05). In contrast, MEM+VC+EGF+FSH resulted the highest follicles diameter ((42.5 +/- 5.1) microm), follicles survival rate (59.7% +/- 6.1%) and proportion of PCNA stained follicles (43.5% +/- 4.1%, P < 0.05). Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured in VC+EGF+FSH group, while follicles cultured in MEM+VC+EGF groups showed more degeneration characters. In conclusion, the addition of VC and EGF to culture medium inhibited follicular development, VC+EGF+FSH was the most effective treatment to maintain follicular integrity and promote sheep primordial follicular activation and growth during in vitro culture.

Effect of the chemically assisted enucleation on the enucleation of sheep oocytes and the development of their reconstructed embryos / 生物工程学报

In order to enhance the efficiency of sheep somatic cell nuclear transfer, we used a chemically assisted enucleation with colchicine to study the effects of the concentration of colchicine, the incubation time of oocytes in colchicine and the maturation time of oocytes on the enucleation rates and the development of reconstructed embryos. The results showed that 1) there were no significant differences in the rates of cytoplast protrusion and enucleation between oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 microg/mL) for 0.5 h and oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 microg/mL) for 1 h, and the rate of cytoplast protrusion can be 85.4% while the rate of cytoplast enucleation is 100%. 2) There was no significant difference in oocyte enucleation between oocytes treated with medium containing 0.2 microg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h and oocytes treated with medium containing 0.4 microg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h. 3) A maturation time of 18-23 h did not affect the rates of cytoplast protrusion and enucleation by chemically assisted enucleation, whereas the rate of enucleation of oocytes by blind enucleation was found to decrease with a prolonged incubation time. 4) The development rates of reconstructed embryos could not be influenced by these two enucleation methods, increased from oocytes matured for 21-23 h. These results demonstrate that sheep oocytes can be enucleated fast and effectively by optimized colcholine chemically assisted enucleation, which can enhance the enucleation rate of sheep oocytes and the early development of reconstructed embryos in vitro.

Two regimes of transient intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate two regimes of transient intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia.Methods Sixty-eight newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with fasting plasma glucose(FPG)≥10.0 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥8.0％were randomized to either cantinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)group or multiple daily injection(MDI)group.Glycemic control,daily dose of insulin,body mass index(BMI),the mean area under the insulin curve(AUC),β-cell function(HOMA-β)and insulin resistence(HOMA-IR) were compared before and after treatment.Results There were no significant differences between two groups in days reaching glycemic control and BMI.The maximal insulin dose for glycemic control in CSII group was(0.53±0.06)U·kg-1·d-1 and that in MDI group was(0.71±0.04)U·kg-1·d-1(t= 11.100,P＜0.01).After CSII and MDI treatment,HOMA-β and the mean AUC of insulin were significantly increased(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).No significant changes in HOMA-IR were observed before and after treatment or between two groups.There were no severe hypoglycemic episodes in two groups and mild hypoglycemic episodes were 0.34％(13/3806)in CSII group and 1.09％(44/4045)in MDI group.Conclusions The excellent glycemic control can be reached by short.terra CSII and MDI treatment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia.Lower insulin dose and less mild hypoglycemic episodes seem to be the advantage of CSII regime than MDI regime.β-cell function can be dramatically improved in both therapy regimes.

Study on correlation of androgen and androgen receptor with coronary heart disease in elderly men / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of sex hormone and androgen receptor levels and evaluate the relationship of the sex hormones and androgen receptor with coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly men. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 539 elderly men, including 400 healthy people aged 62-92 years and 139 CHD patients aged 60-88 years. The plasma concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The androgen receptor (AR) level was tested by flow cytometry. Results The fluorescence intensity of DHEAS, TT, SHBG, FT and AR were significantly lower in CHD group than in healthy group (P<0.01);however, FSH and E2 in CHD group were higher(P(0.01). Age was negatively correlated with TT(r=-0.28,P<0.01) and FT (r=-0.17,P<0.05), and positively correlated with SHBG(r=0.14,P<0.05) and E2 (r=0.33, P<0.01). AR fluorescence intensity was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.12,P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that TT (OR=1.065,9% CI: 1.012～1.121,P<0.05), SHBG(OR=0.994,95% CI:0.990～0.998,P<0.01) and AR (OR=0.971,95%CI:0.956～0.986, P<0.01)were significantly associated with CHD in elderly male patients. Conclusions The levels of DHEAS, TT, SHBG, FT and AR are lower in elderly men with CHD than in elderly healthy men;however, the FSH and E2 concentrations are higher. Low levels of TT, SHBG and AR may be the independent risk factors for CHD in elderly men.

Effects of catecholamine-beta-adrenoceptor-cAMP system on severe patients with heart failure / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between catecholamine-beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR)-adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) system and long-term prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study population comprised 73 patients with CHF (EF: 23% +/- 10%) with a mean follow-up of 3.8 +/- 1.9 years. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) were measured using high performance lipid chromatography, beta-adrenergic receptor density (Bmax) and the content of cAMP in peripheral lymphocytes were calculated using 3H-dihydroalpneolo as ligand and competitive immunoassay, respectively. Deaths due to cardiovascular events within the follow-up period were registered.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total mortality was 64.7%, 57.4% of which was for cardiogenic (worsening heart failure: 32.4%; sudden death: 25.0%). In the cardiogenic death group, plasma levels of NE and epinephrine (E) (3.74 nmol/L +/- 0.09 nmol/L and 3.17 nmol/L +/- 1.0 nmol/L) and the contents of peripheral lymphocyte cAMP (3.64 pmol/mg protein +/- 1.4 pmol/mg protein) were significantly increased as compared with the survival group (2.68 nmol/L +/- 0.07 nmol/L, 2.41 nmol/L +/- 0.24 nmol/L and 2.73 pmol/mg protein +/- 0.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively, all P < 0.01). In the sudden death group, plasma levels of NE and E (5.01 nmol/L +/- 0.06 nmol/L and 4.13 nmol/L +/- 0.08 nmol/L) were significantly increased as compared with the worsening heart failure group (2.49 nmol/L +/- 0.07 nmol/L and 2.33 nmol/L +/- 0.8 nmol/L, all P < 0.001) and to the survival group (2.68 nmol/L +/- 0.07 nmol/L and 2.41 nmol/L +/- 0.14 nmol/L, all P < 0.01). The incidences of sudden death were 0%, 75%, and 100% (chi(2) = 16.018, P < 0.01) in patients with plasma NE < 2.5 nmol/L, NE 2.5 nmol/L - 4.5 nmol/L, and NE > 4.5 nmol/L, respectively. In the worsening heart failure group, the content of peripheral lymphocyte cAMP (4.46 pmol/mg protein +/- 0.18 pmol/mg protein) was significantly increased compared with the sudden death group (2.39 pmol/mg protein +/- 0.9 pmol/mg protein, P < 0.001) and to the survival group (2.73 pmol/mg protein +/- 1.1 pmol/mg protein, P < 0.001). The worsening heart failure death occurences were 5.0%, 72.2%, and 100% (chi(2) = 14.26, P < 0.01) in patients with a content of peripheral lymphocyte cAMP < 2.5 nmol/L, cAMP 2.5 nmol/L - 4.5 nmol/L, and cAMP > 4.5 nmol/L, respectively. Bmax in peripheral lymphocyte was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the sudden death, worsening heart failure, and survival groups in CHF patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plasma levels of catecholamine increase significantly, and Bmax and the contents of cAMP in peripheral lymphocytes decrease significantly in patients with CHF. High plasma catecholamine levels may be associated with sudden death, and high intralymphocyte cAMP content may be associated with worsening heart failure in CHF patients.</p>

Preliminary Summary of a Cooperative-study on Treatment of Hypertension With Domestic Urapidil: Re- port of 41 Cases in Clinical Trial / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To verify the therapeutic effect and adverse reactions of ?-receptor blocker, domestic urapidil, on severe hypertension. METHODS: Observation was carried out in a multi-center, random sampling and controlled pattern. Drug was iv injected first and then infused. At the same time, the patients' systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, EKG, blood & urine routine, serum GPT and urea nitrogen were measured and examined.RESULTS: Of 41 cases in this series. 16 satis- factory(39.0%), 23 improved (56.1%), 2 unsatisfactory(4.9%) .The total effective rate was 95.1%. After drug administra- tion, systolic pressure was lowered by 43 .97mmHg(P